What are the potential side effects of anti-inflammatory drugs like NSAIDs?

Anti-inflammatory drugs such as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) can lead to several gastrointestinal issues, with nausea, vomiting, and gastric irritation being among the most common side effects. This occurs because NSAIDs work by inhibiting the production of certain chemicals in the body (prostaglandins) that help protect the stomach lining. When these protective mechanisms are disrupted, it can result in irritation of the stomach lining, leading to nausea and vomiting, as well as potential complications like gastric ulcers in more severe cases.

Other side effects of NSAIDs can also include issues related to the liver, kidneys, cardiovascular system, and skin responses, but the gastrointestinal symptoms are particularly noteworthy as they directly affect the digestive tract and can lead to patient discomfort.