What term is used to describe microorganisms that cause disease?

The term "pathogens" is utilized to describe microorganisms that cause disease. This encompasses a broad category of infectious agents, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and protozoa, which can lead to illness in humans and other organisms. The significance of identifying pathogens lies in the need to understand their mechanisms of action, transmission, and the ways they may be countered, whether through medical treatments, vaccinations, or preventive measures.

Bacteria, viruses, and fungi all fall under the umbrella of pathogens, but these terms specify particular types of microorganisms. While bacteria are single-celled organisms that can be pathogenic, not all bacteria are harmful; many are beneficial and essential for various biological processes. Viruses are also pathogens, but they require a host to replicate and can cause a wide range of diseases. Fungi, too, can be pathogenic, but primarily in specific circumstances, often affecting individuals with compromised immune systems. Thus, the term "pathogens" provides a broader and more inclusive descriptor for all disease-causing microorganisms.