What type of irritation and prolonged clotting time is caused by NSAIDs?

The correct choice is gastric irritation caused by NSAIDs (Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs). NSAIDs work by inhibiting the production of prostaglandins, which are compounds involved in inflammation, pain, and the protective lining of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. When the production of these prostaglandins is reduced, the protective effects on the stomach lining diminish, leading to irritation, ulceration, and in some cases, bleeding. This irritation can manifest as gastric discomfort, pain, or even serious complications like gastrointestinal bleeding or ulcers.

Prolonged clotting time can also be associated with NSAIDs, as they affect platelet function. By inhibiting certain enzymes involved in the platelet activation process, NSAIDs can increase the risk of prolonged bleeding, which is important to consider, especially in patients undergoing surgical procedures or those with bleeding disorders.

Other types of irritation, such as skin, cardiac, or respiratory, are not typically associated with the direct effects of NSAIDs. Skin irritation can occur with certain topical NSAIDs, but that is a different context. Cardiac effects may be more related to cardiovascular risks associated with long-term NSAID use rather than direct irritation. Similarly, respiratory issues are not a primary concern with NSAIDs.